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Little Champs ABA > Blog > Types of Autism: A Guide to the Autism Spectrum

Types of Autism: A Guide to the Autism Spectrum

Types of Autism

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, social interactions, and behavior. Over the years, our understanding of autism has evolved, leading to changes in how it is classified and diagnosed. Many people wonder about the different types of autism and how they are identified.

While older diagnostic systems categorized autism into subtypes, modern classifications now place all forms of autism under the umbrella term autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This shift recognizes the wide range of symptoms and severity levels that autistic individuals experience.

In this article, we will explore the different types of autism as previously defined, how they fit into today’s diagnostic criteria, and how individuals with autism can receive the support they need.

How Autism Was Previously Categorized

Before the release of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) in 2013, autism was classified into several distinct subtypes, including:

  1. Autistic Disorder (Classic Autism)
  2. Asperger’s Syndrome
  3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
  4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

Each of these diagnoses had specific criteria, but they were all considered part of the autism spectrum. Let’s take a closer look at each of these classifications and how they fit into the modern understanding of autism.

1. Autistic Disorder (Classic Autism)

Autistic Disorder, often referred to as classic autism, was the most well-known form of autism before the DSM-5 update. Individuals with this diagnosis displayed significant challenges in:

  • Social interactions
  • Communication (verbal and nonverbal)
  • Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests

Common Characteristics:

  • Difficulty understanding social cues
  • Limited or absent verbal communication
  • Repetitive movements (e.g., hand flapping, rocking)
  • Sensory sensitivities (e.g., aversion to loud noises or certain textures)
  • Difficulty adapting to change

People with classic autism often require substantial support in daily life, including therapy and specialized education programs.

2. Asperger’s Syndrome

Asperger’s Syndrome was previously considered a milder form of autism. Individuals with Asperger’s typically had average to above-average intelligence and strong verbal skills, but they still faced challenges in social interactions and behavior.

Common Characteristics:

  • Difficulty understanding social norms and body language
  • Intense focus on specific interests (e.g., trains, mathematics, video games)
  • Highly logical thinking but difficulty with emotional expression
  • Preference for routines and predictability
  • Sensory sensitivities (e.g., discomfort with bright lights or specific sounds)

Many individuals with Asperger’s excelled academically but struggled with making friends or understanding social situations. Since 2013, Asperger’s Syndrome is no longer a separate diagnosis and is now included under autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

3. Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

PDD-NOS was diagnosed when a person showed some characteristics of autism but did not meet the full criteria for autistic disorder or Asperger’s Syndrome. It was often referred to as “atypical autism” because symptoms varied widely.

Common Characteristics:

  • Delayed speech and language development
  • Social challenges that varied in severity
  • Unusual or repetitive behaviors
  • Mild to moderate cognitive difficulties

People with PDD-NOS often had fewer symptoms or milder challenges than those with classic autism. Like Asperger’s, this diagnosis was removed in 2013 and is now part of the broader autism spectrum disorder (ASD) classification.

4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) is a rare but severe form of autism where a child develops typically for the first few years of life but then loses previously acquired skills in communication, social interaction, and motor function.

Common Characteristics:

  • Normal development until around age 3-4
  • Sudden and severe loss of speech, motor skills, and social abilities
  • Increased repetitive behaviors and sensory issues
  • Significant intellectual disability

CDD is one of the most severe forms of autism-related disorders. Like the other subtypes, it is now classified under autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the DSM-5

With the release of the DSM-5 in 2013, all the above categories were merged into a single diagnosis: autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Why Was the Change Made?

The change was made to reflect that autism exists on a spectrum, meaning individuals can have a wide range of symptoms and severity levels. Instead of separate diagnoses, autism is now classified based on support levels:

  • Level 1 (Requiring Support): Mild autism, with some difficulties in social interactions but relatively independent.
  • Level 2 (Requiring Substantial Support): More noticeable social and communication challenges with repetitive behaviors.
  • Level 3 (Requiring Very Substantial Support): Severe difficulties in social interaction, communication, and daily living skills.

By grouping autism under one diagnosis, doctors and therapists can better tailor treatments and support based on individual needs rather than rigid subtypes.

Supporting Individuals with Autism

Every autistic individual has unique strengths and challenges. The key to supporting them is early intervention, personalized therapy, and community support.

Effective Support Strategies Include:

  • Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy: Helps develop communication, social, and daily living skills.
  • Speech and Occupational Therapy: Supports language development and fine motor skills.
  • Sensory Integration Therapy: Helps manage sensory sensitivities.
  • Structured Routines and Visual Supports: Reduce anxiety and enhance learning.

Conclusion

Autism is a diverse and complex condition that affects individuals in unique ways. While past classifications categorized autism into distinct types, today, all forms of autism are understood as part of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This change has helped improve diagnosis and support by recognizing the wide range of abilities and challenges faced by autistic individuals.

At Little Champs ABA, we are dedicated to providing personalized ABA therapy for children with autism. Our goal is to help every child develop the skills they need to thrive in daily life. Contact us today to learn more about our programs and how we can support your child’s journey.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the different types of autism?

Previously, autism was classified into different types, including classic autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, PDD-NOS, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder. Today, all forms of autism are categorized under autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

2. Why is autism now considered a spectrum?

Autism is now considered a spectrum because symptoms vary widely in severity and presentation. Instead of separate diagnoses, individuals are classified based on their support needs (Levels 1, 2, or 3).

3. How can therapy help individuals with autism?

Therapies like ABA therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy help individuals with autism develop social skills, communication abilities, and independent living skills, improving their overall quality of life.

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