When children learn new skills, breaking them down into smaller, manageable steps can make all the difference. In ABA therapy, this approach is called chaining.
Chaining is used to teach complex tasks—like brushing teeth, tying shoes, or washing hands—by teaching one step at a time until the whole routine is mastered.
So, what are the three types of chaining in ABA? Let’s explore them in simple terms.
Forward Chaining
In forward chaining, the child learns the first step of a skill first. Once they’ve mastered it, the therapist introduces the next step, and so on, until the entire task is complete.
Example: When teaching handwashing, the child first learns to turn on the faucet. After mastering that, they move on to wetting their hands, then applying soap, and so forth.
Backward Chaining
Backward chaining teaches the last step first. The therapist completes all the earlier steps, and the child finishes the task. Over time, the child takes on more steps until they can do the whole routine independently.
Example: For shoe-tying, the therapist might do every step except pulling the loops tight. The child finishes the last step, giving them a sense of accomplishment right away.
Total Task Chaining
With total task chaining, the child practices every step of the task during each teaching opportunity. Support and prompts are provided as needed until the child can complete the whole skill independently.
Example: Brushing teeth—your child goes through the entire process each time, with help given along the way.
Why Chaining Works in ABA
Chaining helps children with autism learn important daily living skills in a structured, achievable way. It builds confidence step by step, turning overwhelming routines into manageable successes.
At Little Champs ABA, we use strategies like chaining to help children grow in independence and confidence. Whether it’s through in-home ABA therapy, school-based ABA therapy, daycare ABA therapy, or telehealth ABA, we make sure every child gets the tools they need to thrive.
We proudly support families across Colorado and Utah. Reach out today to learn how ABA therapy can help your child build meaningful skills step by step.
FAQs
Why is chaining used in ABA therapy?
Chaining breaks down complex skills into smaller steps, making it easier for children to learn and succeed.
Which type of chaining is best?
It depends on the child and the skill being taught. Therapists choose forward, backward, or total task chaining based on the child’s needs.
What kinds of skills can chaining teach?
Chaining is often used for daily living skills like handwashing, dressing, eating, or brushing teeth.
Sources:
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/forward-chaining
- https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/behavior-chaining/
- https://iidc.indiana.edu/irca/articles/applied-behavior-analysis.html
- https://gsep.pepperdine.edu/blog/posts/aba-techniques-strategies-for-behavior-analysts.htm
- https://online.regiscollege.edu/blog/aba-therapy-examples